SCRA SYLLABUS | UPSC | SCRA 2009 | SYLLABUS
AS per UPSC website the syllabus for SCRA 2009 exam should be:
General Knowledge:
The questions will be designed to test a candidate's general awareness
of the environment around him and its application to society. The
standard of answers to questions should be as expected of students of
Standard 12 or equivalent.
Man and His Environment:
Evolution of life, plants and animals, heredity and
environment-Genetics, cells, chromosomes, genes. Knowledge of the human
body-nutrition, balanced diet, substitute foods, public health and
sanitation, including control of epidemics and common diseases.
Environmental pollution and its control. Food adulteration, proper
storage and preservation of food grains and finished products,
population explosion, population control. Production of food and raw
materials. Breeding of animals and plants; artificial insemination,
manures and fertilizers, crop protection measures, high-yielding
varieties and green revolution, main cereals and cash crops of
India.Solar system and the earth. Seasons, Climate, Weather, Soil its
formation, erosion. Forests and their uses. Natural calamities
cyclones floods, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions. Mountains and rivers
and their role in irrigation in India. Distribution of natural
resources and industries in India. Exploration of under-ground minerals
including Oil, Conservation of natural resources with particular
reference to the flora and fauna of India.History, Politics and Society
in India: Vedic, Mahavir, Buddha, Maurya, Sunga, Andhra, Kushan. Gupta
ages (Mauryan Pillars, Stupas, Caves, Sanchi, Mathura and Gandhara
Schools Temple Architecture (Ajanta and Ellora). The rise of new social
forces with the coming of Islam, and establishment of broader contacts.
Transition from Feudalism to Capitalism. Opening of European contacts.
Establishment of British Rule in India. Rise of nationalism and
national struggle for freedom culminating in Independence. Constitution
of India and its characteristic features-Democracy, Secularism,
Socialism equality of opportunity and Parliamentary form of
Government-Major political ideologies-Democracy, Socialism, Communism
and Gandhian idea of non-violence. Indian political parties, pressure
groups, public opinion and the press, electoral system.India's Foreign
Policy and Non-Alignment-arms race, balance of power. World
Organisations-political, social, economic and cultural. Important
events (including sports and cultural activities) in India and abroad
during the past two years.Broad features of Indian social system; the
caste system hierarchy-recent changes and trends. Minority social
institutions marriage, family, region and acculturation. Division of
labour, cooperation, conflict and competition. Social control-reward
and punishment, art) law, customs, propaganda, public opinion, agencies
Of social control- family, religion, state educational institutions;
factors of social change-economic, technological, demographic,
cultural; the concept of revolution.Social dis-organisation in
India-Casteism, communalism, corruption in public life, youth unrest,
beggary, drugs, delinquency and crime, poverty and unemployment. Social
planning and welfare in India, community development and labour
welfare, welfare of Scheduled Castes and backward
classes.Money-taxation, price, demographic trends, national income,
economic growth; Private and Public Sectors; economic and non-economic
factors in planning, balanced vs, imbalanced growth, agricultural vs.
industrial development; inflation and price stabilisation, problems of
resource mobilisation, India's Five-Year Plans.
(iii) Psychological Test: The questions will be designed to assess the basic intelligence and mechanical aptitude of the candidate.
Paper-II(i) PHYSICS:
Length measurements using vernier, screw gauge, spherometer and optical lever.
Measurement
of time and mass. Straight line motion and relationships among
displacement, velocity and acceleration. Newton's laws of motion,
Momentum, impulse, work, energy and power.Coefficient of
friction.Equilibrium of bodies under action of forces. Moment of a
force, couple. Newton's law of gravitation, Escape velocity,
Acceleration due to gravity.Mass and Weight, Centre of gravity, Uniform
circular motion,centripetal force, Simple Harmonic Motion, Simple
pendulum.Pressure in a fluid and its variation with depth. Pascal's
law. Principle of Archimedes. Floating bodies. Atmospheric pressure and
its measurement.Temperature and its measurement. Thermal expansion, Gas
laws and absolute temperature. Specific heat, latent heats and their
measurement. Specific heat of gases, Mechanical equivalent of heat.
Internal energy and First law of thermodynamics. Isothermal and
adiabatic changes. Transmission of heat; thermal conductivity.Wave
motion, Longitudinal and transverse waves. Progressive and stationary
waves. Velocity of sound in a gas and its dependence on various
factors. Resonance phenomena (air columns and strings). Reflection and
refraction of light. Image formation by carved mirrors and lenses.
Microscopes and telescopes. Defects of vision. Prisms, deviation and
dispersion. Minimum deviation. Visible spectrum. Field due to a bar
magnet, Magnetic moment, Elements of Earth's magnetic field.
Magnetometers. Dia, para and ferro magnetism.Electric charge, electric
field and potential, Coulomb's law. Electric current; electric cells,
e.m.f. resistance, ammeters and voltmeters. Ohm's law; resistances in
series and parallel, specific resistance and conductivity. Heating
effect of current. Wheatstone's bridge, Potentiometer. Magnetic effect
of current, straight wire, coil and solenoid electromagnetic, electric
Bell. Force on a current-carrying conductor in magnetic field; moving
ceil galvanometers; conversion to ammeter or voltmeter.Chemical effects
of current; Primary and storage cells and their functioning. Laws of
electrolysis.Electromagnetic induction. Simple A.C. and D.C.
generators. Transformers. Induction coil.Cathode rays, discovery of the
electron, Bohr model of the atom. Diode and its use as a rectifier.
Production, properties and uses of X-rays. Radioactivity; Alpha, Beta
and Gamma rays. Nuclear energy; fission and fusion, conversion of mass
into energy, chain reaction.
(ii) CHEMISTRY
Physical Chemistry
(1)
Atomic Structure: Earlier models in brief. Atom as a three dimensional
model. Orbital concept. Quantum numbers and their significance, only
elementary treatment. Pauli's Exclusion Principle. Electronic
configuration. Aufbau Principle 5, p, d and f block elements. Periodic
classification only long form. Periodicity and electronic
configuration. Atomic radii, Electro-negativity in periods and groups.
(2)
Chemical Bonding, electrovalent, covalent, coordinates covalent bonds.
Bond properties, sigma and pie bonds. Shapes of simple molecules like
water, hydrogen sulphide, methane and ammonium chloride. Molecular
association and hydrogen bonding.
(3) Energy changes in a
chemical reaction. Exothermic and Endothermic reactions. Application of
First Law of Thermodynamics. Hess' Law of constant heat summation.
(4)
Chemical equilibria and rates of reactions. Law of mass action. Effect
of Pressure, Temperature and concentration on the rates of reaction.
(Qualitative treatment based on Le Chatelier's Principle.)
Molecularity. First and Second order reaction. Concept of energy of
activation. Application to manufacture of Ammonia and Sulphur trioxide.
(5)
Solutions: True solutions, colloidal solutions. and suspensions.
Colligative properties or dilute solutions and determination of
molecular weights of dissolved substances. Elevation of boiling points.
Depressions of freezing point, osmotic pressure. Raoult's Law
(non-thermodynamic treatment only).
(6) Electro Chemistry:
Solution of Electrolytes. Faraday's Laws of Electrolysis, ionic
equilibria. Solubility product.Strong and weak electrolytes. Acids and
Bases (Lewis and Bronstead concept). PH and Buffer solutions.
(7) Oxidation: Reduction Modern electronics concept and oxidation number.
(8) Natural and Artificial Radioactivity : Nuclear Fission and Fusion. Uses of Radioactive isotopes.
Inorganic Chemistry Brief treatment of elements and their industrially important compounds:
(1)
Hydrogen: Position in the periodic table. Isotopes of hydrogen.
Electronegative and electropositive character. Water, hard and soft
water, use of water in industries. Heavy water and its uses.
(2) Group I Elements: Manufacture of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride.
(3) Group II Elements: Quick and slaked lime. Gypsum. Plaster of Paris, Magnesium sulphate and Magnesia.
(4) Group III Elements: Borax, Alumina and Alum.
(5) Group N Elements: (Coal, Coke and Solid Fuels, Silicates, Zolitis semi-conductors). Glass (Elementary treatment).
(6) Group V Elements: Manufacture of ammonia and nitric acid. Rock phosphates and safety matches.
(7) Group VI Elements: Hydrogen peroxide, allotropy of sulphur, sulphuric acid. Oxides of sulphur.
(8) Group VII Elements: . Manufacture and uses of Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine and Iodine. Hydrochloric acid. Bleaching powder.
(9) Group O : (Noble gases) Helium and its uses.
(10)
Metallurgical Processes: General methods of extraction of metals with
specific reference to copper, iron, aluminium, silver, gold, zinc and
lead. Common alloys of these metals: Nickel and Manganese steels.
Organic
Chemistry (1) Tetrahedral nature of carbon. Hybridisation and sigma pie
bonds and their relative strength. Single and multiple bonds. Shapes of
molecules. Geometrical and optical isomerism.
(2) General
methods of preparation, properties and reaction of alkanes, alkenes and
alkynes. Petroleum and its refining. Its uses as fuel.Aromatic
hydrocarbons: Resonance and aromaticity. Benzene and Naphthalene and
their analogous. Aromatic substitution reactions.
(3) Halogen derivatives: Chloroform, Carbon Tetrachloride, Chlorobenzene, D.D.T. and Gammexane.
(4)
Hydroxy Compounds: Preparation, properties and uses of Primary,
Secondary and Tertiary alcohols, Methanol, Ethanol, Glycerol and
Phenol. Substitution reaction at aliphatic carbon atom.
(5) Ethers; Diethyl ether.
(6) Aldehydes and ketones: Formaldehyde, Acetaldehyde,Benzaldehyde, acetone, acetophenone.
(7) Nitro compounds amines: Nitrobenzene TNT, Aniline Diazonium Compounds, Azodyes.
(8) Carboxylic acid: Formic, acetic, benzoic and salicylic acids, acetyl salicylic acid.
(9) Esters: Ethylacetate, Methyl salicylates, ethyl benzoate.
(10) Polymers: Polythene, Teflon, Perpex, Artificial Rubber, Nylon and Polyester fibres.
(11) Non-structural treatment of Carbohydrates, fats and Lipids, amino acids and proteins-
Vitamins and hormones.
Paper-IIIMATHEMATICS
(1)
Algebra: Concept of a set, Union. and Intersection of sets, Complement
of a set, Null set, Universal set and Power set, Venn diagrams and
simple applications. Cartesian product of two sets, relation and
mapping-examples, Binary operation on a set-examples.Representation of
real numbers on a line. Complex numbers; Modulus, Argument, Algebraic
operations on complex numbers. Cube roots of unity. Binary system of
numbers, Conversion of a decimal number to a binary number and
vice-versa. Arithmetic, Geometric and Harmonic progressions. Summation
of series involving AP., G.P., and H.P. Quadratic equations with real
coefficients. Quadratic expressions: extreme values. Permutation and
Combination, Binomial Theorem and its applications.Matrices and
Determinants: Types of matrices, equality, matrix addition and scalar
multiplication-properties. Matrix multiplication-non-commutative and
distributive property over addition. Transpose of a matrix, Determinant
of a matrix. Minors and Cofactors. Properties of determinants. Singular
and nonsingular matrices. Adjoint and inverse of square matrix,
Solution of a system of linear equations in two and three variables
Elimination method, Cramers rule and matrix inversion method (Matrices
with m rows and n columns where m, n :s; 3 are to be considered). Idea
of Group, Order of a Group, Abelian group. Identity and inverse
elements-Illustration by simple examples.
(2) Trigonometry:
Addition and subtraction formulae, multiple and sub-multiple angles.
Product and factoring formulae. Inverse trigonometric
functions-Domains, Ranges and Graphs. DeMolvre's theorem, expansion of
Sin nθ and Cos nθ in a series of multiples of Sines and Cosines.
Solution of simple trigonometric equations. Applications: Height and
Distance.
(3) Analytic Geometry (two dimensions): Rectangular
Cartesian Coordinate system, distance between two points, equation of a
straight line in various forms, angle between two lines, distance of a
point from a line. Transformation of axes. Pair of straight lines,
general equation of second degree in x and y -condition to represent a
pair of straight lines, point of intersection, angle between two lines.
Equation of a circle in standard and in general form, equations of
tangent and normal at a point, orthogonality of two circles. Standard
equations of parabola, ellipse and hyperbola-parametric equations,
equations of tangent. and normal at a point in both cartesian and
parametric forms.
(4) Differential Calculus: Concept of a real
valued function domain, range and graph. Composite functions, one to
one, onto and inverse functions, algebra of real functions, examples of
polynomial, rational, trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic
functions. Notion of limit, Standard limits-examples. Continuity of
functions-examples, algebric operations on continuous functions.
Derivative of a function at a point, geometrical and physical
interpretation of a derivative-applications. Derivative of sum, product
and quotient of functions, derivative of a function with respect to
another function, derivative of a composite function, chain rule.
Second order derivatives. Rolle's theorem (statement only), increasing
and decreasing functions. Application of derivatives in problems of
maxima, minima, greatest and least values of a function.
(5)
Integral Calculus and Differential equations: Integral Calculus:
Integration as inverse of differential, integration by substitution and
by parts, standard integrals involving algebraic expression,
trignometric, exponential and hyperbolic functions. Evaluation of
definite integrals-determination of areas of plane regions bounded by
curves-applications.Differential equations: Definition of order and
degree of a differential equation, formation of a differential equation
by examples. General and particular solution of a differential
equation, solution of first order and first degree differential
equations of various types-examples. Solution of second order
homogeneous differential equation with constant co-efficient.
(6)
Vectors and its applications: Magnitude and direction of a vector,
equal vectors, unit vector, zero vector, vectors in two and three
dimensions, position vector. Multiplication of a vector by a scalar,
sum and difference of two vectors, Parallelogram law and triangle law
of addition. Multiplication of vectors - scalar product or dot product
of two vectors, perpendicularity, commutative and distributive
properties. Vector product or cross product of two vectors and its
properties, unit vector perpendicular to two given vectors. Scalar and
vector triple products. Equations of a line, plane and sphere in vector
form-simple problem. Area of a triangle, parallelogram and problems of
plane geometry and trignometry using vector methods. Work done by a
force and moment of a force.
(7) Statistics and
Probability-Statistics: Frequency distribution, cummulative frequency
distribution-examples. Graphical representation-Histogram, frequency
polygon-examples. Measure of central tendency-mean, median & mode.
Variance and standard deviation-determination and comparison.
Correlation and regression.Probability: Random experiment, outcomes and
associated sample space, events, mutually exclusive and exhaustive
events, impossible and certain events. Union and Intersection of
events. Complementary, elementary and composite events. Definition of
probability: classical and statistical-examples. Elementary theorems on
probability-simple problems. Conditional probability, Bayes' theorem -
simple problems. Random variable as function on a sample space.
Binomial distribution, examples of random experiments giving rise to
Binomial distribution.
FOR more detailed syllabus refer to Employement News dates FEb. 28, 2009
syllabus Source: UPSC
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